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EITCA Academy

EITCA Academy

The European Information Technologies Certification Institute - EITCI ASBL

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EITCI Institute ASBL

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Answers for questions formulated by: Acácio Pereira Oliveira

Can an Active Directory role to be added require different roles to be added as well?

Sunday, 23 June 2024 by Acácio Pereira Oliveira

When adding the Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) role in Windows Server, it is indeed possible that additional roles or features may need to be installed to support the primary role. This requirement stems from the interdependencies inherent in the architecture of Windows Server roles and features, which are designed to ensure that all

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/WSA Windows Server Administration, Working with Windows Server, Adding the Active Directory domain services role in Windows Server
Tagged under: Active Directory, Cybersecurity, DNS Server, Group Policy, PowerShell, RSAT

Does implementation of Do Not Track (DNT) in web browsers protect against fingerprinting?

Saturday, 22 June 2024 by Acácio Pereira Oliveira

Although the implementation of Do Not Track (DNT) helps with anonymity in web browsers the assertion that it provides complete protection against fingerprinting is not accurate. To understand why, it is essential to consider the nature of DNT, the mechanics of web fingerprinting, and the broader landscape of privacy on the web. Do Not Track

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/WASF Web Applications Security Fundamentals, Web fingerprinting, Fingerprinting and privacy on the web
Tagged under: Browser Security, Cybersecurity, Do Not Track, Online Privacy, Tracking Prevention, Web Fingerprinting

Does HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) help to protect against protocol downgrade attacks?

Saturday, 22 June 2024 by Acácio Pereira Oliveira

Yes, HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) indeed plays a significant role in protecting against protocol downgrade attacks. To understand the specifics of how HSTS achieves this, it is essential to consider the mechanics of HSTS, the nature of protocol downgrade attacks, and the interaction between the two. HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) HTTP Strict Transport

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/WASF Web Applications Security Fundamentals, Server security, Local HTTP server security
Tagged under: Cybersecurity, HSTS, HTTPS, Protocol Downgrade Attacks, SSL Stripping, Web Security

How does the DNS rebinding attack work?

Saturday, 22 June 2024 by Acácio Pereira Oliveira

DNS rebinding attacks represent a sophisticated and insidious method by which an attacker exploits the Domain Name System (DNS) to manipulate the way a victim's browser interacts with different domains. Understanding the intricacies of these attacks requires a thorough comprehension of how DNS functions, how web browsers enforce the same-origin policy, and the mechanisms by

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/WASF Web Applications Security Fundamentals, DNS attacks, DNS rebinding attacks
Tagged under: Browser Security, Cybersecurity, DNS, Network Security, Same Origin Policy, Web Application Security

Are regular languages equivalent with Finite State Machines?

Wednesday, 19 June 2024 by Acácio Pereira Oliveira

The question of whether regular languages are equivalent to finite state machines (FSMs) is a fundamental topic in the theory of computation, a branch of theoretical computer science. To address this question comprehensively, it is critical to consider the definitions and properties of both regular languages and finite state machines, and to explore the connections

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCTF Computational Complexity Theory Fundamentals, Regular Languages, Regular Expressions
Tagged under: Automata Theory, Cybersecurity, DFA, NFA, Regular Expressions, Theory Of Computation

Is PSPACE class not equal to the EXPSPACE class?

Wednesday, 19 June 2024 by Acácio Pereira Oliveira

The question of whether the PSPACE class is not equal to the EXPSPACE class is a fundamental and unresolved problem in computational complexity theory. To provide a comprehensive understanding, it is essential to consider the definitions, properties, and implications of these complexity classes, as well as the broader context of space complexity. Definitions and Basic

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCTF Computational Complexity Theory Fundamentals, Complexity, Space complexity classes
Tagged under: Computational Complexity, Cybersecurity, EXPSPACE, PSPACE, Space Complexity, Turing Machines

Is algorithmically computable problem a problem computable by a Turing Machine accordingly to the Church-Turing Thesis?

Wednesday, 19 June 2024 by Acácio Pereira Oliveira

The Church-Turing Thesis is a foundational principle in the theory of computation and computational complexity. It posits that any function which can be computed by an algorithm can also be computed by a Turing machine. This thesis is not a formal theorem that can be proven; rather, it is a hypothesis about the nature of

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCTF Computational Complexity Theory Fundamentals, Recursion, Turing Machine that writes a description of itself
Tagged under: CHURCH-TURING THESIS, Computational Complexity, Cybersecurity, Decidability, Recursion, Turing Machine

Do stored XSS attacks occur when a malicious script is included in a request to a web application and then sent back to the user?

Thursday, 13 June 2024 by Acácio Pereira Oliveira

Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks are a type of security vulnerability that occurs in web applications. The statement "Stored XSS attacks occur when a malicious script is included in a request to a web application and then sent back to the user" is false. To understand why this is the case, it is essential to

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/WASF Web Applications Security Fundamentals, Cross-site scripting, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Tagged under: ContentSecurityPolicy, Cybersecurity, InputValidation, OutputEncoding, ReflectedXSS, StoredXSS

Is the SSL/TLS protocol used to establish an encrypted connection in HTTPS?

Thursday, 13 June 2024 by Acácio Pereira Oliveira

The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and its successor, Transport Layer Security (TLS), are cryptographic protocols designed to provide secure communication over a computer network. These protocols are fundamental to securing web applications, particularly through the use of HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure). HTTPS is essentially HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) layered on top of SSL/TLS, thus

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/WASF Web Applications Security Fundamentals, TLS attacks, Transport layer security
Tagged under: Cybersecurity, Encryption, HTTPS, SSL, TLS

To create an administrator user with AD Users and Computers first a domain user must be created and only after that it is possible to assign him to the proper group of domain administrators?

Wednesday, 27 December 2023 by Acácio Pereira Oliveira

To create an administrator user with AD Users and Computers, it is indeed necessary to first create a domain user and then assign them to the appropriate group of domain administrators. This process ensures the proper management and security of user accounts within a Windows Server environment. When setting up a Windows Server, it is

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/WSA Windows Server Administration, System administration in Windows Server, Creating and managing user accounts
Tagged under: Active Directory, AD Users And Computers, Cybersecurity, Domain Administrators, User Accounts, Windows Server
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EITCA Academy is a part of the European IT Certification framework

The European IT Certification framework has been established in 2008 as a Europe based and vendor independent standard in widely accessible online certification of digital skills and competencies in many areas of professional digital specializations. The EITC framework is governed by the European IT Certification Institute (EITCI), a non-profit certification authority supporting information society growth and bridging the digital skills gap in the EU.

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