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EITC/WD/HCF HTML and CSS Fundamentals

by EITCA Academy / Monday, 01 February 2021 / Published in

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EITC/WD/HCF HTML and CSS Fundamentals is the European IT Certification programme on the fundamentals of the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and the Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) language which constitute the most basic technologies for the World Wide Web.

The curriculum of the EITC/WD/HCF HTML and CSS Fundamentals focuses on practical skills in HTML and CSS for web sites development organized within the following structure, encompassing comprehensive and structured EITCI certification curriculum self-learning materials supported by referenced open-access video didactic content as a basis for preparation towards earning this EITC Certification by passing a corresponding examination.

HTML and CSS are two pillars of the World Wide Web. The Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is a standard to code web pages to be displayed in web browsers, while the Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a standard used for styling web pages, or more formally describing the presentation of a web document written in HTML. All web developers should know at least basics of HTML and CSS to be able to work with web sites (even when using visual editors and advanced developer tools).

The Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. The markup language is for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text,so that when the document is processed for display, the markup language is not shown, and is only used to format the text properly. The markup term evolved from the “marking up” of paper manuscripts (in a revision process by editors), traditionally written with other color on authors’ manuscripts. Such markup typically includes both content corrections (such as spelling, punctuation, or movement of content), and also typographic instructions, such as to make a heading larger or boldface. In digital media, the colored markup instruction (text) was replaced by tags which indicate what the parts of the document are, rather than details of how they might be shown on some display. This lets authors avoid formatting every instance of the same kind of thing redundantly and possibly inconsistently. It also avoids the specification of fonts and dimensions which may not apply to many users (such as those with different-size displays, impaired vision and screen-reading software). The HTML is a standard markup language used in WWW. It can be assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS, for applying styling of the document) and scripting languages such as JavaScript (enabling dynamic logic on the side of the web browser). Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and render the documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a web page semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the document. HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs, images and other objects such as interactive forms may be embedded into the rendered page. HTML provides means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. HTML elements are delineated by tags, written using angle brackets. Tags such as <img /> and <input /> directly introduce content into the page. Other tags such as <p> surround and provide information about document text and may include other tags as sub-elements. Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to interpret the content of the page. HTML can embed programs written in a scripting language such as JavaScript, which affects the behavior and content of web pages dynamically.

The Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet computer language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language such as HTML. One important feature of structured documents is that the content can be reused in many contexts and presented in various ways. Different style sheets can be attached to the logical structure to produce different presentations. CSS is a cornerstone technology of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript. Inclusion of CSS defines the look and layout of the content of web sites. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), former maintainer of the HTML and current maintainer of the CSS standards, has encouraged the use of CSS over explicit presentational HTML since 1997. CSS is designed to enable separation of presentation and content, including layout, colors, and fonts, thus improving the content accessibility, providing more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enabling multiple web pages to share formatting by specifying the relevant CSS in separate .css files which reduces complexity and repetition in the structural content as well as enabling the .css files to be cached to improve the page loads speed between the pages that share the file and its formatting. Separation of formatting and content also makes it feasible to present the same markup page in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (via speech-based browser or screen reader), and on Braille-based tactile devices. CSS also has rules for alternate formatting if the content is accessed on a mobile devices. The CSS name, ‘cascading’ comes from the specified priority scheme to determine which style rule applies if more than one rule matches a particular element. In addition to HTML, other markup languages support the use of CSS including XHTML, plain XML, SVG, and XUL.

To acquaint yourself in-detail with the certification curriculum you can expand and analyze the table below.

The EITC/WD/HCF HTML and CSS Fundamentals Certification Curriculum references open-access didactic materials in a video form. Learning process is divided into a step-by-step structure (programmes -> lessons -> topics) covering relevant curriculum parts. Participants can access answers and ask more relevant questions in the Questions and answers section of the e-learning interface under currently progressed EITC programme curriculum topic. Direct and unlimited consultancy with domain experts is also accessible via the platform integrated online messaging system, as well as through the contact form.
For details on the Certification procedure check How it Works.

Curriculum Reference Resources

MDN Web Docs - HTML
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML

MDN Web Docs - CSS
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS

MDN Web Docs Learning Materials - HTML — Structuring the web with HTML
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML

MDN Web Docs Learning Materials - CSS - Learn to style HTML using CSS
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS

Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group HTML Living Standard Specification
https://html.spec.whatwg.org/

W3C Standard for Web Design and Applications - HTML & CSS
https://www.w3.org/standards/webdesign/htmlcss

W3C CSS Validation Service
https://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/

W3Schools - HTML Tutorial
https://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp

W3Schools - CSS Tutorial
https://www.w3schools.com/css/default.asp

Dive into HTML5
http://diveintohtml5.info/index.html

CodePen: Online Code Editor and Front End Web Developer
https://codepen.io/

Download the complete offline self-learning preparatory materials for the EITC/WD/HCF HTML and CSS Fundamentals programme in a PDF file

PDF Icon EITC/WD/HCF preparatory materials – standard version

PDF Icon EITC/WD/HCF preparatory materials – extended version with review questions

Certification Programme Curriculum

Introduction 1 Topic
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Lesson Content
0% Complete 0/1 Steps
How to get started with HTML and CSS
Getting started 4 Topics
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Lesson Content
0% Complete 0/4 Steps
Creating HTML project and document
HTML elements and attributes
Creating titles and text using HTML
Using boxes in websites
Advancing in HTML and CSS 9 Topics
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Lesson Content
0% Complete 0/9 Steps
Including CSS in HTML
Creating HTML and CSS comments
Introduction to classes and IDs in HTML
Styling text with CSS
Importing new fonts
Creating sub pages in HTML
Creating links in HTML
Creating menus in HTML
Creating wrappers in HTML
Multimedia in HTML and CSS 2 Topics
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Lesson Content
0% Complete 0/2 Steps
Inserting images using HTML and CSS
Inserting HTML5 videos and embedding external videos
Responsive websites 3 Topics
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Lesson Content
0% Complete 0/3 Steps
Introduction to responsive websites
Creating a responsive website using HTML and CSS
Creating a responsive cases website example
Further advancing in HTML and CSS 6 Topics
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Lesson Content
0% Complete 0/6 Steps
Outdated code in HTML and CSS
CSS Flexbox
Exercise using CSS Flexbox
File paths in HTML and CSS
Forms in HTML and CSS
Tables in HTML and CSS
HTML and CSS extending skills 17 Topics
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Lesson Content
0% Complete 0/17 Steps
Overview of HTML and CSS extending skills
Required HTML meta tags
Improving HTML and CSS code
Uploading a website
Validating a website
Creating an XML sitemap
Creating a 404 Page in HTML
Removing the page file extension from the URL
Using CSS position to move elements
Creating variables in CSS
CSS pseudo elements and classes
Creating transitions using CSS
Creating website layouts using CSS grid
Adding a favicon to a website in HTML
Creating a HTML dropdown menu
Keeping a footer at the bottom of a page
Creating a Google Map in a website
EITC/WD/HCF HTML and CSS Fundamentals
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Certification Center

Programme Home
Introduction
How to get started with HTML and CSS
Getting started
Creating HTML project and document
HTML elements and attributes
Creating titles and text using HTML
Using boxes in websites
Advancing in HTML and CSS
Including CSS in HTML
Creating HTML and CSS comments
Introduction to classes and IDs in HTML
Styling text with CSS
Importing new fonts
Creating sub pages in HTML
Creating links in HTML
Creating menus in HTML
Creating wrappers in HTML
Multimedia in HTML and CSS
Inserting images using HTML and CSS
Inserting HTML5 videos and embedding external videos
Responsive websites
Introduction to responsive websites
Creating a responsive website using HTML and CSS
Creating a responsive cases website example
Further advancing in HTML and CSS
Outdated code in HTML and CSS
CSS Flexbox
Exercise using CSS Flexbox
File paths in HTML and CSS
Forms in HTML and CSS
Tables in HTML and CSS
HTML and CSS extending skills
Overview of HTML and CSS extending skills
Required HTML meta tags
Improving HTML and CSS code
Uploading a website
Validating a website
Creating an XML sitemap
Creating a 404 Page in HTML
Removing the page file extension from the URL
Using CSS position to move elements
Creating variables in CSS
CSS pseudo elements and classes
Creating transitions using CSS
Creating website layouts using CSS grid
Adding a favicon to a website in HTML
Creating a HTML dropdown menu
Keeping a footer at the bottom of a page
Creating a Google Map in a website
EITC/WD/HCF HTML and CSS Fundamentals

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EITCA Academy is a part of the European IT Certification framework

The European IT Certification framework has been established in 2008 as a Europe based and vendor independent standard in widely accessible online certification of digital skills and competencies in many areas of professional digital specializations. The EITC framework is governed by the European IT Certification Institute (EITCI), a non-profit certification authority supporting information society growth and bridging the digital skills gap in the EU.

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