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EITCA Academy

EITCA Academy

The European Information Technologies Certification Institute - EITCI ASBL

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EITCI Institute ASBL

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Governing European IT Certification (EITC) framework in support of the IT professionalism and Digital Society

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Questions and answers formulated by: Acácio Pereira Oliveira

In the HTTP request usually both the source and destination ports are the same and equal 80?

Monday, 18 December 2023 by Acácio Pereira Oliveira

In the context of the OSI model and the HTTP protocol, it is not accurate to state that the source and destination ports are always the same and equal to 80 in an HTTP request. The OSI model is a conceptual framework that defines the functions of a networking system, while the HTTP protocol is

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CNF Computer Networking Fundamentals, OSI Model, Introduction to the OSI Model
Tagged under: Cybersecurity, Destination Port, HTTP Protocol, OSI Model, Source Port, TCP/IP

File transfer service can be classified under the Transport layer of the OSI model?

Monday, 18 December 2023 by Acácio Pereira Oliveira

File transfer services can indeed be classified under the Transport layer of the OSI model. The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a communication system into separate layers. These layers provide a structured approach to understanding how data is transmitted across a network. The Transport layer, which

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CNF Computer Networking Fundamentals, OSI Model, Introduction to the OSI Model
Tagged under: Cybersecurity, File Transfer Services, FTP, OSI Model, TCP, TFTP, Transport Layer, UDP

Does Modern Internet network protocols strictly implement the OSI model?

Monday, 18 December 2023 by Acácio Pereira Oliveira

Modern Internet network protocols do not strictly implement the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model. The OSI model is a conceptual framework that defines the functions of a network protocol stack, dividing it into seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. Each layer has its own specific set of protocols and functions,

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CNF Computer Networking Fundamentals, OSI Model, Introduction to the OSI Model
Tagged under: Computer Networks, Cybersecurity, Internet Protocol Suite, Network Protocols, OSI Model, TCP/IP

The TTL field for a packet can be used to prevent its looping?

Monday, 18 December 2023 by Acácio Pereira Oliveira

The Time to Live (TTL) field in a packet is an essential component of the Internet Protocol (IP) header that plays a important role in preventing packet looping within a computer network. The TTL field is a counter that is decremented by one each time the packet traverses a network device, such as a router.

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CNF Computer Networking Fundamentals, OSI Model, Introduction to the OSI Model
Tagged under: Cybersecurity, Internet Protocol, IP Header, Packet Looping, TCP/IP, Time-To-Live, TTL Field

The Wi-Fi access points can be best compared to switches in wired networks?

Monday, 18 December 2023 by Acácio Pereira Oliveira

Wi-Fi access points and switches are both essential components in computer networks, but they serve different purposes and operate at different layers of the network architecture. While they share some similarities, it is important to understand their distinct functionalities and how they contribute to the overall network infrastructure. A switch is a networking device that

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CNF Computer Networking Fundamentals, Physical networks, Cabling devices
Tagged under: Computer Networks, Cybersecurity, Data Link Layer, Data Packets, Ethernet Cables, IEEE 802.11, LAN, MAC Addresses, Network Architecture, Network Connectivity, Network Infrastructure, Physical Layer, QoS, Radio Frequencies, Switches, VLANs, Wi-Fi Access Points, Wi-Fi Protocols, Wi-Fi Standards, Wired Networks, Wireless Connectivity, Wireless Networks

Is the disadvantage of the DNS CNAME records that one needs to change their values if the domain name mapping to an IP address is changed?

Monday, 18 December 2023 by Acácio Pereira Oliveira

The DNS (Domain Name System) is a fundamental component of computer networking that translates domain names into IP addresses. It utilizes various types of records to achieve this functionality, including the CNAME (Canonical Name) record. The CNAME record allows one domain name to be mapped to another domain name. However, there are certain disadvantages associated

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CNF Computer Networking Fundamentals, Domain Name System, Introduction to DNS
Tagged under: CNAME Records, Computer Networking, Cybersecurity, DNS, Domain Name Mapping, IP Address

Does the DNS record's TTL setting specify for how long the record can be cached before another lookup is required?

Monday, 18 December 2023 by Acácio Pereira Oliveira

The Time-To-Live (TTL) setting in a DNS record does indeed specify how long the record can be cached before another lookup is required. The TTL value is an important parameter in the Domain Name System (DNS) that determines the length of time a DNS resolver or caching server can store a particular DNS record before

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CNF Computer Networking Fundamentals, Domain Name System, Introduction to DNS
Tagged under: Caching, Cybersecurity, DNS, DNS Record, Time-To-Live, TTL

Is the last dot in the domain name "europe.eu." called the root domain?

Monday, 18 December 2023 by Acácio Pereira Oliveira

The last dot in the domain name "europe.eu." is not called the root domain. In the field of Cybersecurity – Computer Networking Fundamentals – Domain Name System (DNS), it is important to understand the structure and hierarchy of domain names. The DNS is a system that translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses, allowing computers

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CNF Computer Networking Fundamentals, Domain Name System, Introduction to DNS
Tagged under: Cybersecurity, DNS, Domain Name System, FQDN, Networking

In the OSI model can all layers communicate directly with each other?

Monday, 18 December 2023 by Acácio Pereira Oliveira

In the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model, the layers are designed to provide a modular and hierarchical structure for network communication. Each layer has specific functions and responsibilities, and these layers work together to facilitate communication between different devices on a network. However, not all layers in the OSI model can communicate directly with each

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CNF Computer Networking Fundamentals, OSI Model, Introduction to the OSI Model
Tagged under: Application Layer, Cybersecurity, Data Link Layer, Layers, Network Communication, Network Layer, OSI Model, Physical Layer, Presentation Layer, Session Layer, Transport Layer

Does the A DNS record contains the name to IP address mapping for all the hosts within the domain.

Monday, 18 December 2023 by Acácio Pereira Oliveira

The A DNS record, also known as the Address record, is one of the fundamental components of the Domain Name System (DNS). It plays a important role in mapping domain names to their corresponding IP addresses. However, it is important to note that the A DNS record does not contain the name to IP address

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CNF Computer Networking Fundamentals, Domain Name System, Introduction to DNS
Tagged under: A Record, Cybersecurity, DNS, DNS Resolver, Domain Name, IP Address Mapping
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