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Questions and answers categorized in: Cybersecurity > EITC/IS/CCTF Computational Complexity Theory Fundamentals

What are some basic mathematical definitions, notations and introductions needed for computational complexity theory formalism understanding?

Sunday, 11 May 2025 by EITCA Academy

Computational complexity theory is a foundational area of theoretical computer science that rigorously investigates the resources required to solve computational problems. A precise understanding of its formalism necessitates acquaintance with several core mathematical definitions, notations, and conceptual frameworks. These provide the language and tools necessary to articulate, analyze, and compare the computational difficulty of problems

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCTF Computational Complexity Theory Fundamentals, Introduction, Theoretical introduction
Tagged under: Complexity Classes, Cybersecurity, Formal Languages, Mathematics, NP-Completeness, Turing Machines

Why is computational complexity theory important for understanding of the foundations of cryptography and cybersecurity?

Sunday, 11 May 2025 by EITCA Academy

Computational complexity theory provides the mathematical framework necessary to analyze the resources required for solving computational problems. In the context of cryptography and cybersecurity, the relevance of computational complexity theory is foundational; it informs both the design and the evaluation of cryptographic systems, and guides the understanding of what can be achieved securely with limited

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCTF Computational Complexity Theory Fundamentals, Introduction, Theoretical introduction
Tagged under: Adversarial Models, Computational Complexity, Cryptography, Cybersecurity, Security Proofs, Security Reductions

What is the role of the recursion theorem in the demonstration of the undecidability of ATM?

Thursday, 03 April 2025 by Thierry MACE

The undecidability of the acceptance problem for Turing machines, denoted as , is a cornerstone result in the theory of computation. The problem is defined as the set . The proof of its undecidability is often presented using a diagonalization argument, but the recursion theorem also plays a significant role in understanding the deeper aspects

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCTF Computational Complexity Theory Fundamentals, Recursion, Results from the Recursion Theorem
Tagged under: Computational Theory, Cybersecurity, Diagonalization, Recursion Theorem, Turing Machines, Undecidability

Considering a PDA that can read palindromes, could you detail the evolution of the stack when the input is, first, a palindrome, and second, not a palindrome?

Monday, 10 February 2025 by Thierry MACE

To address the question of how a Pushdown Automaton (PDA) processes a palindrome versus a non-palindrome, it is essential to first understand the underlying mechanics of a PDA, particularly in the context of recognizing palindromes. A PDA is a type of automaton that employs a stack as its primary data structure, which allows it to

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCTF Computational Complexity Theory Fundamentals, Pushdown Automata, PDAs: Pushdown Automata
Tagged under: Automata Theory, Computational Complexity, Context-Free Languages, Cybersecurity, Palindrome, Stack Operations

Considering non-deterministic PDAs, the superposition of states is possible by definition. However, non-deterministic PDAs have only one stack which cannot be in multiple states simultaneously. How is this possible?

Tuesday, 07 January 2025 by Thierry MACE

To address the question regarding non-deterministic pushdown automata (PDAs) and the apparent paradox of state superposition with a single stack, it is essential to consider the fundamental principles of non-determinism and the operational mechanics of PDAs. A pushdown automaton is a computational model that extends the capabilities of finite automata by incorporating an auxiliary storage

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCTF Computational Complexity Theory Fundamentals, Pushdown Automata, Equivalence of CFGs and PDAs
Tagged under: Computational Paths, Context-Free Languages, Cybersecurity, Non-determinism, NPDA, Stack

What is an example of PDAs used to analyze network traffic and identify patterns that indicate potential security breaches?

Saturday, 04 January 2025 by Thierry MACE

Pushdown Automata (PDAs) are a class of automata that are used to recognize context-free languages and are characterized by their ability to use a stack to store an unbounded amount of information. They are a fundamental concept in computational complexity theory and formal language theory. While PDAs are primarily theoretical constructs, their principles can be

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCTF Computational Complexity Theory Fundamentals, Pushdown Automata, PDAs: Pushdown Automata
Tagged under: Cybersecurity, Formal Language Theory, Intrusion Detection, Network Security, Pattern Recognition, SQL Injection

What does it mean that one language is more powerful than another?

Thursday, 19 December 2024 by EITCA Academy

The notion of one language being more "powerful" than another, particularly within the context of the Chomsky hierarchy and context-sensitive languages, pertains to the expressive capacity of formal languages and the computational models that recognize them. This concept is fundamental in understanding the theoretical limits of what can be computed or expressed within different formal

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCTF Computational Complexity Theory Fundamentals, Context Sensitive Languages, Chomsky Hierarchy and Context Sensitive Languages
Tagged under: Chomsky Hierarchy, Computational Models, Context Sensitive Languages, Cybersecurity, Formal Languages, Linear-Bounded Automata

Are context-sensitive languages recognizable by a Turing Machine?

Monday, 16 December 2024 by Thierry MACE

Context-sensitive languages (CSLs) are a class of formal languages that are defined by context-sensitive grammars. These grammars are a generalization of context-free grammars, allowing production rules that can replace a string with another string, provided the replacement occurs in a specific context. This class of languages is significant in computational theory as it is more

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCTF Computational Complexity Theory Fundamentals, Turing Machines, Introduction to Turing Machines
Tagged under: Context Sensitive Languages, Cybersecurity, Linear-Bounded Automata, PSPACE, Recursively Enumerable Languages, Turing Machines

Why is the language U = 0^n1^n (n>=0) non-regular?

Saturday, 14 December 2024 by Thierry MACE

The question of whether the language is regular or not is a fundamental topic in the field of computational complexity theory, particularly in the study of formal languages and automata theory. Understanding this concept requires a solid grasp of the definitions and properties of regular languages and the computational models that recognize them. Regular Languages

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCTF Computational Complexity Theory Fundamentals, Pushdown Automata, PDAs: Pushdown Automata
Tagged under: Automata Theory, Computational Models, Context-Free Languages, Cybersecurity, Formal Languages, Pumping Lemma

How to define an FSM recognizing binary strings with even number of '1' symbols and show what happens with it when processing input string 1011?

Wednesday, 04 December 2024 by Kaie Päll

Finite State Machines (FSMs) are a fundamental concept in computational theory and are widely used in various fields, including computer science and cybersecurity. An FSM is a mathematical model of computation used to design both computer programs and sequential logic circuits. It is composed of a finite number of states, transitions between these states, and

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCTF Computational Complexity Theory Fundamentals, Finite State Machines, Examples of Finite State Machines
Tagged under: Binary Strings, Computational Theory, Cybersecurity, DFSM, FSM, State Transition
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