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Questions and answers designated by tag: Elgamal

Can the Diffie-Hellmann-protocol alone be used for encryption?

Wednesday, 09 July 2025 by Theresa Sittel

The Diffie-Hellman protocol, introduced by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman in 1976, is one of the foundational protocols in the field of public-key cryptography. Its primary contribution is to provide a method for two parties to securely establish a shared secret key over an insecure communication channel. This capability is fundamental to secure communications, as

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/ACC Advanced Classical Cryptography, Diffie-Hellman cryptosystem, Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange and the Discrete Log Problem
Tagged under: Cybersecurity, Diffie-Hellman, Discrete Logarithm Problem, Elgamal, Encryption, KEY EXCHANGE, Public Key Cryptography, Security Protocols, Symmetric Cryptography, TLS

How does the proof of correctness for the Elgamal digital signature scheme provide assurance of the verification process?

Thursday, 03 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

The proof of correctness for the Elgamal digital signature scheme provides assurance of the verification process by demonstrating that the scheme satisfies the desired properties of a secure digital signature scheme. In this context, correctness refers to the ability of the scheme to correctly verify the authenticity and integrity of a message. To understand how

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/ACC Advanced Classical Cryptography, Digital Signatures, Elgamal Digital Signature, Examination review
Tagged under: Assurance, Cryptography, Cybersecurity, Digital Signatures, Elgamal, Verification

What is the trade-off in terms of efficiency when using the Elgamal digital signature scheme?

Thursday, 03 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

The Elgamal digital signature scheme is a widely used cryptographic algorithm that provides a means for verifying the authenticity and integrity of digital messages. Like any cryptographic scheme, it involves certain trade-offs in terms of efficiency. In the case of the Elgamal digital signature scheme, the primary trade-off lies in the computational overhead required for

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/ACC Advanced Classical Cryptography, Digital Signatures, Elgamal Digital Signature, Examination review
Tagged under: Computational Complexity, Cryptography, Cybersecurity, Digital Signatures, Elgamal, Non-repudiation

How does the Elgamal digital signature scheme ensure the authenticity and integrity of digital messages?

Thursday, 03 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

The Elgamal digital signature scheme is an asymmetric cryptographic algorithm that provides a means to ensure the authenticity and integrity of digital messages. It is based on the mathematical problem of computing discrete logarithms in finite fields, which is believed to be computationally hard. In this scheme, a signer uses their private key to generate

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/ACC Advanced Classical Cryptography, Digital Signatures, Elgamal Digital Signature, Examination review
Tagged under: Authentication, Cryptography, Cybersecurity, Digital Signatures, Elgamal, Integrity

What are the key steps involved in verifying the authenticity of an Elgamal digital signature, and how does the verification process ensure the integrity of the message?

Thursday, 03 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

The Elgamal digital signature scheme is a widely used cryptographic algorithm that provides authentication and integrity for digital messages. Verifying the authenticity of an Elgamal digital signature involves several key steps that ensure the integrity of the message. In this answer, we will discuss these steps in detail and explain how the verification process works.

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/ACC Advanced Classical Cryptography, Digital Signatures, Elgamal Digital Signature, Examination review
Tagged under: Authentication, Cryptography, Cybersecurity, Digital Signatures, Elgamal, Integrity

How can additional countermeasures, such as imposing formatting rules on the message, be employed to mitigate the Z8X attack in the Elgamal digital signature scheme?

Thursday, 03 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

In the Elgamal digital signature scheme, the Z8X attack is a known vulnerability that can be mitigated by employing additional countermeasures, such as imposing formatting rules on the message. These countermeasures aim to enhance the security of the digital signature scheme by preventing or minimizing the impact of potential attacks. To understand how imposing formatting

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/ACC Advanced Classical Cryptography, Digital Signatures, Elgamal Digital Signature, Examination review
Tagged under: Countermeasures, Cryptography, Cybersecurity, Digital Signatures, Elgamal, Security

What is the Z8X attack in the Elgamal digital signature scheme, and how does it allow an adversary to generate a valid signature without knowing the private key?

Thursday, 03 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

The Z8X attack is a known vulnerability in the Elgamal digital signature scheme that allows an adversary to generate a valid signature without knowledge of the private key. In order to understand this attack, it is important to have a clear understanding of the Elgamal digital signature scheme and its underlying mathematics. The Elgamal digital

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/ACC Advanced Classical Cryptography, Digital Signatures, Elgamal Digital Signature, Examination review
Tagged under: Classical Cryptography, Cybersecurity, Digital Signature, Elgamal, Z8X Attack

How does the Elgamal digital signature scheme work, and what are the key steps involved in generating a digital signature?

Thursday, 03 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

The Elgamal digital signature scheme is a cryptographic algorithm that provides a mechanism for verifying the authenticity and integrity of digital messages. It is based on the concept of public key cryptography, where a pair of keys, namely the private key and the public key, are used for encryption and decryption operations. To understand how

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/ACC Advanced Classical Cryptography, Digital Signatures, Elgamal Digital Signature, Examination review
Tagged under: Cryptography, Cybersecurity, Digital Signatures, Elgamal, Public Key Cryptography

Explain the process of encrypting a message using the Elgamal encryption scheme.

Thursday, 03 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

The Elgamal encryption scheme is a public-key cryptosystem based on the discrete logarithm problem. It was developed by Taher Elgamal in 1985 and is widely used for secure communication and data protection. In this scheme, the encryption process involves generating a key pair, encrypting the message, and decrypting the ciphertext. To encrypt a message using

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/ACC Advanced Classical Cryptography, Encryption with Discrete Log Problem, Elgamal Encryption Scheme, Examination review
Tagged under: Cryptography, Cybersecurity, Discrete Log Problem, Elgamal, Encryption, Public-key Cryptosystem
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The European IT Certification framework has been established in 2008 as a Europe based and vendor independent standard in widely accessible online certification of digital skills and competencies in many areas of professional digital specializations. The EITC framework is governed by the European IT Certification Institute (EITCI), a non-profit certification authority supporting information society growth and bridging the digital skills gap in the EU.

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