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EITCA Academy

EITCA Academy

The European Information Technologies Certification Institute - EITCI ASBL

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EITCI Institute ASBL

Brussels, European Union

Governing European IT Certification (EITC) framework in support of the IT professionalism and Digital Society

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Questions and answers designated by tag: Security

What specific vulnerabilities does the bag-of-words model present against adversarial attacks or data manipulation, and what practical countermeasures do you recommend implementing?

Wednesday, 03 December 2025 by JOSE ALFONSIN PENA

The bag-of-words (BoW) model is a foundational technique in natural language processing (NLP) that represents text as an unordered collection of words, disregarding grammar, word order, and, typically, word structure. Each document is converted into a vector based on word occurrence, often using either raw counts or term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) values. Despite its

  • Published in Artificial Intelligence, EITC/AI/GCML Google Cloud Machine Learning, Expertise in Machine Learning, Natural language processing - bag of words
Tagged under: Adversarial Attacks, Artificial Intelligence, Bag-of-Words, Data Preprocessing, Feature Engineering, NLP, Security, Text Classification

Can private models, with access restricted to company collaborators, be worked on within TensorFlowHub?

Friday, 12 September 2025 by Michał Otoka

TensorFlow Hub (TF Hub) is a repository of pre-trained machine learning models designed to facilitate the sharing and reuse of model components across different projects and teams. It is widely used for distributing models for tasks such as image classification, text encoding, and other machine learning applications within the TensorFlow ecosystem. When addressing the question

  • Published in Artificial Intelligence, EITC/AI/GCML Google Cloud Machine Learning, Advancing in Machine Learning, TensorFlow Hub for more productive machine learning
Tagged under: Artificial Intelligence, Collaboration, Infrastructure, Model Management, Security, TensorFlow

What’s state-of-the-art machine learning capable of doing now?

Tuesday, 02 September 2025 by [email protected]

Machine learning, as implemented in contemporary cloud platforms such as Google Cloud, operates as an advanced computational methodology that enables systems to identify patterns, make predictions, and adapt to new data without explicit reprogramming. At this very moment, machine learning is actively transforming vast volumes of raw data into actionable insights across multiple industries and

  • Published in Artificial Intelligence, EITC/AI/GCML Google Cloud Machine Learning, Introduction, What is machine learning
Tagged under: Artificial Intelligence, Automation, Big Data, Cloud Computing, Data Science, Ethics, Google Cloud, Machine Learning, MLOps, NLP, Security

Do the encryption and decryption functions need to be kept secret for the cryptographic protocol to remain secure?

Thursday, 22 May 2025 by Theresa Sittel

The security model underlying modern cryptography is based on several well-established principles, the foremost of which is Kerckhoffs’s Principle. This tenet asserts that the security of a cryptographic protocol should rely solely on the secrecy of the key, not on the secrecy of the algorithms used for encryption or decryption. Hence, to address the question:

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCF Classical Cryptography Fundamentals, Introduction, Introduction to cryptography
Tagged under: Cryptography, Cybersecurity, Encryption, Kerckhoffs's Principle, Key Management, Security

Do Internet, GSM, and wireless networks belong to the insecure communication channels?

Thursday, 22 May 2025 by Theresa Sittel

Internet, GSM, and wireless networks are all considered insecure communication channels from the perspective of classical and modern cryptography. To understand why this is the case, one must examine the inherent properties of these channels, the types of threats they face, and the security assumptions made in cryptographic protocol design. 1. Definition of Secure vs.

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCF Classical Cryptography Fundamentals, Introduction, Introduction to cryptography
Tagged under: Cryptography, Cybersecurity, Eavesdropping, Encryption, GSM, Insecure Channel, Internet, Network Security, Public Networks, Security, Wireless Networks

Why is it important for web developers to adopt a forward-thinking approach in a rapidly evolving technological landscape?

Wednesday, 26 March 2025 by EITCA Academy

The field of web development is characterized by its dynamic nature, with technological advancements occurring at a rapid pace. For web developers, adopting a forward-thinking approach in this rapidly evolving landscape is not merely advantageous but essential. This approach involves anticipating future trends, understanding emerging technologies, and preparing to integrate new tools and methodologies into

  • Published in Web Development, EITC/WD/WFA Advanced Webflow, Advancing in Webflow, Introduction, Examination review
Tagged under: Emerging Technologies, Innovation, Security, User Experience, Web Development

How to practically setup a MySQL database in an open source approach?

Tuesday, 29 October 2024 by EITCA Academy

Setting up a MySQL database using an open-source approach is a fundamental skill for web developers, particularly those working with PHP and MySQL. This process involves several steps, from installing the MySQL server to configuring it for use with your applications. This guide will walk you through the process step-by-step, ensuring you have a comprehensive

  • Published in Web Development, EITC/WD/PMSF PHP and MySQL Fundamentals, Getting started with MySQL, Setting up a MySQL database
Tagged under: Backup And Restore, Database Management, Linux, MySQL, Open-source, Performance Optimization, PHP, Security, Web Development, Windows

How to mount a disk in Linux?

Tuesday, 17 September 2024 by EITCA Academy

Mounting a disk in Linux is a fundamental task that involves making the filesystem on a storage device accessible to the operating system. This process is critical for system administrators to manage storage efficiently and securely. Here, we will consider the detailed steps and considerations involved in mounting a disk, including the necessary commands and

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/LSA Linux System Administration, Linux filesystem, Filesystem and absolute/relative pathnames
Tagged under: Cybersecurity, Filesystem, Linux, Mount, Security, System Administration

What are the benefits of enabling the "Enable Custom Email," "Enable Custom Passwords," "Enable Custom Redirection," and "Enable Themed Profiles" modules in the "Theme My Login" settings?

Monday, 19 August 2024 by EITCA Academy

The "Theme My Login" plugin for WordPress offers a suite of features that enhance the user experience, especially when used in conjunction with an LMS (Learning Management System) like LearnDash. Enabling specific modules such as "Enable Custom Email," "Enable Custom Passwords," "Enable Custom Redirection," and "Enable Themed Profiles" provides numerous benefits, particularly in the context

  • Published in e-Learning, EITC/EL/LDASH LearnDash WordPress LMS, First steps in LearnDash, Custom login pages with Theme My Login, Examination review
Tagged under: Branding, Customization, E-Learning, LearnDash, LMS, Security, User Experience, WordPress

Why is it important to view the login page in an incognito browser window after making changes, and what should you look for during this verification?

Monday, 19 August 2024 by EITCA Academy

When developing and customizing a login page in an e-Learning environment such as LearnDash on a WordPress platform, it is important to verify the changes in an incognito browser window. This practice ensures that the modifications are accurately reflected and function correctly for all users, including those who might not have previously visited the site

  • Published in e-Learning, EITC/EL/LDASH LearnDash WordPress LMS, First steps in LearnDash, Custom login pages with the Uncanny Toolkit, Examination review
Tagged under: Accessibility, E-Learning, Instructional Design, LearnDash, Security, User Experience (UX), Web Development, WordPress
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