What does the "top" command display by default and how can it be used to identify resource-intensive processes?
The "top" command is a powerful tool in Linux system administration that provides real-time information about the system's processes, resource usage, and system performance. By default, when executed without any arguments, the "top" command displays a dynamic, continuously updating table of active processes on the system.
The output of the "top" command is divided into several sections. At the top of the display, you will find general information about the system, such as the current time, how long the system has been running, the number of logged-in users, and system load averages. Below this header section, you will see a table that lists the active processes.
The table of processes includes columns such as PID (Process ID), USER (the user who owns the process), PR (priority), NI (nice value), VIRT (virtual memory usage), RES (resident memory usage), SHR (shared memory usage), S (process status), %CPU (CPU usage), %MEM (memory usage), TIME+ (total CPU time), and COMMAND (the command that started the process).
To identify resource-intensive processes using the "top" command, you can focus on the columns that display resource usage. The "%CPU" column shows the percentage of CPU time used by each process, while the "%MEM" column displays the percentage of memory used by each process. By sorting the table based on these columns, you can easily identify processes that are consuming a significant amount of system resources.
To sort the table, you can press the corresponding keys on your keyboard. For example, pressing "P" will sort the processes based on CPU usage, with the most CPU-intensive process at the top. Similarly, pressing "M" will sort the processes based on memory usage, with the most memory-intensive process at the top.
Additionally, the "top" command allows you to take various actions on processes directly from the command-line interface. For example, you can send signals to processes, change process priorities, and even kill processes that are causing issues or consuming excessive resources.
The "top" command in Linux system administration displays real-time information about active processes, resource usage, and system performance. By analyzing the output, specifically the "%CPU" and "%MEM" columns, you can identify resource-intensive processes and take appropriate actions to optimize system performance.
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