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EITCA Academy

The European Information Technologies Certification Institute - EITCI ASBL

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EITCI Institute ASBL

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Questions and answers designated by tag: Block Cipher

Was the DES protocol introduced to improve the security of AES cryptosystems?

Monday, 26 May 2025 by Theresa Sittel

The assertion that the Data Encryption Standard (DES) protocol was introduced to improve the security of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cryptosystems is historically and technically inaccurate. The chronological development, purpose, and function of both DES and AES in the landscape of symmetric-key block ciphers are distinctly separate, with DES preceding AES by several decades.

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCF Classical Cryptography Fundamentals, DES block cipher cryptosystem, Data Encryption Standard (DES) - Encryption
Tagged under: AES, Block Cipher, Cryptography, Cybersecurity, DES, Information Security

Does the AES MixColumn sublayer include a nonlinear transformation that can be represented by a 4×4 matrix multiplication?

Saturday, 17 May 2025 by Theresa Sittel

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a widely adopted symmetric key block cipher, and its security is derived from a carefully orchestrated series of linear and nonlinear transformations on the data block. One of the key components in AES is the MixColumns sublayer, which plays a critical role in providing diffusion by mixing the columns

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCF Classical Cryptography Fundamentals, AES block cipher cryptosystem, Introduction to Galois Fields for the AES
Tagged under: AES, Block Cipher, Cybersecurity, Galois Fields, Linear Transformation, MixColumns

Does the ECB mode breaks large input plaintext into subsequent blocks

Sunday, 11 August 2024 by Emmanuel Udofia

The Electronic Codebook (ECB) mode is one of the simplest and most straightforward modes of operation for block ciphers. To understand its mechanism and how it handles large input plaintext, it is important to consider the structure and characteristics of ECB mode, its operational process, and its implications in the realm of cybersecurity. Structure and

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCF Classical Cryptography Fundamentals, Applications of block ciphers, Modes of operation for block ciphers
Tagged under: Block Cipher, Cryptographic Modes, Cybersecurity, ECB, Encryption

Can we use a block cipher to build a hash function or MAC?

Saturday, 10 August 2024 by Emmanuel Udofia

Certainly, the use of block ciphers to construct hash functions and Message Authentication Codes (MACs) is a well-established practice in the field of cryptography. A block cipher is a symmetric key cipher that operates on fixed-size blocks of data using a shared secret key. Examples of block ciphers include the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCF Classical Cryptography Fundamentals, Applications of block ciphers, Modes of operation for block ciphers
Tagged under: Block Cipher, CBC-MAC, Cybersecurity, Hash Function, HMAC, MAC

Can OFB mode be used as keystream generators?

Saturday, 10 August 2024 by Emmanuel Udofia

Output Feedback (OFB) mode is one of the several modes of operation for block ciphers, which allows a block cipher to be used in a way that provides confidentiality by converting it into a stream cipher. This mode is particularly notable for its ability to generate keystreams, making it a suitable candidate for certain cryptographic

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCF Classical Cryptography Fundamentals, Applications of block ciphers, Modes of operation for block ciphers
Tagged under: Block Cipher, Cybersecurity, Encryption, Keystream Generator, OFB, Stream Cipher

Can single bit of ciphertext be influenced by many bit of plaintext in DES?

Saturday, 10 August 2024 by Emmanuel Udofia

The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a symmetric-key algorithm for the encryption of digital data. Developed in the early 1970s and adopted as a federal standard in 1977, DES has been widely used in various applications. One of the critical aspects of DES and other block ciphers is how plaintext bits influence the resulting ciphertext.

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCF Classical Cryptography Fundamentals, DES block cipher cryptosystem, Data Encryption Standard (DES) - Encryption
Tagged under: Avalanche Effect, Block Cipher, Cryptography, Cybersecurity, Feistel Network, Key Schedule, Permutation, S-boxes, Symmetric-Key Algorithm

How can linear cyrptanalysis break a DES cryptosystem?

Friday, 09 August 2024 by Emmanuel Udofia

Linear cryptanalysis is a potent cryptanalytic attack method that applies linear approximations to the action of a cryptographic algorithm. It is particularly effective against block ciphers such as the Data Encryption Standard (DES). To understand how linear cryptanalysis can break a DES cryptosystem, it is essential to consider the mechanics of both DES and the

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCF Classical Cryptography Fundamentals, DES block cipher cryptosystem, Data Encryption Standard (DES) - Key schedule and decryption
Tagged under: Block Cipher, Cryptanalysis, Cybersecurity, DES, Encryption, Linear Cryptanalysis

Can DES be broken by differential cryptanalysis?

Friday, 09 August 2024 by Emmanuel Udofia

Differential cryptanalysis is a form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, which involves analyzing the effect of particular differences in input pairs on the differences at the output. This method was introduced by Eli Biham and Adi Shamir in the late 1980s and has since become a fundamental tool in the cryptanalyst's toolkit. The

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCF Classical Cryptography Fundamentals, DES block cipher cryptosystem, Data Encryption Standard (DES) - Key schedule and decryption
Tagged under: Block Cipher, Cryptanalysis, Cybersecurity, DES, Differential Cryptanalysis, S-boxes

What are modes of operation?

Wednesday, 07 August 2024 by Emmanuel Udofia

Modes of operation are essential mechanisms in the field of cryptography, particularly in the application of block ciphers. A block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on fixed-size blocks of plaintext and transforming them into ciphertext using a symmetric key. However, plaintext messages are rarely of a size that conveniently fits into a single block,

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCF Classical Cryptography Fundamentals, Applications of block ciphers, Modes of operation for block ciphers
Tagged under: Block Cipher, Cryptography, Cybersecurity, Data Protection, Encryption, Security

What does the ECB mode do to simple block ciphers

Wednesday, 07 August 2024 by Emmanuel Udofia

The Electronic Codebook (ECB) mode is one of the simplest and most straightforward modes of operation for block ciphers. In the context of cybersecurity and classical cryptography, understanding the intricacies of ECB mode is important for comprehending both its applications and limitations. This explanation aims to provide a comprehensive and detailed exploration of ECB mode,

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCF Classical Cryptography Fundamentals, Applications of block ciphers, Modes of operation for block ciphers
Tagged under: Block Cipher, Cryptography, Cybersecurity, ECB, Encryption, Security
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The European IT Certification framework has been established in 2008 as a Europe based and vendor independent standard in widely accessible online certification of digital skills and competencies in many areas of professional digital specializations. The EITC framework is governed by the European IT Certification Institute (EITCI), a non-profit certification authority supporting information society growth and bridging the digital skills gap in the EU.

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