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EITCA Academy

EITCA Academy

The European Information Technologies Certification Institute - EITCI ASBL

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EITCI Institute ASBL

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Questions and answers designated by tag: Keystream

How can stream ciphers encrypt individual bit?

Saturday, 10 August 2024 by Emmanuel Udofia

Stream ciphers are a class of symmetric key ciphers in cryptography that encrypt plaintext digits (typically bits) one at a time with a corresponding digit of the keystream. Unlike block ciphers, which encrypt fixed-size blocks of data, stream ciphers operate on continuous streams of plaintext and can encrypt data of arbitrary length. This flexibility makes

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCF Classical Cryptography Fundamentals, Stream ciphers, Stream ciphers, random numbers and the one-time pad
Tagged under: Cryptography, Cybersecurity, Encryption, Keystream, ONE-TIME PAD, Stream Ciphers

Do practical stream ciphers generate their keys with psuedo random number generators?

Friday, 02 August 2024 by Emmanuel Udofia

Stream ciphers are a fundamental concept within the realm of classical cryptography. They are encryption algorithms that encrypt plaintext digits one at a time, typically by combining them with a pseudorandom cipher digit stream. This process is distinct from block ciphers, which encrypt data in fixed-size blocks. The question at hand pertains to whether practical

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCF Classical Cryptography Fundamentals, Stream ciphers, Stream ciphers, random numbers and the one-time pad
Tagged under: A5/1, CPRNG, Cryptography, Cybersecurity, Encryption, Keystream, PRNG, RC4, Security, Stream Ciphers

Explain how the A5/1 cipher enhances security by using multiple LFSRs and non-linear functions.

Friday, 14 June 2024 by EITCA Academy

The A5/1 cipher is a stream cipher used to provide encryption in the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) standard, which is widely used for mobile phone communications. The security of the A5/1 cipher is significantly enhanced by employing multiple Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) and non-linear functions. This combination provides a robust mechanism for

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCF Classical Cryptography Fundamentals, Stream ciphers, Stream ciphers and linear feedback shift registers, Examination review
Tagged under: A5/1, Cryptanalysis, Cybersecurity, GSM, Keystream, LFSR

How does the XOR operation function in the encryption and decryption processes of a stream cipher?

Wednesday, 12 June 2024 by EITCA Academy

The XOR (exclusive OR) operation is a fundamental component in the encryption and decryption processes of stream ciphers, which are a class of symmetric key ciphers. Stream ciphers encrypt plaintext digits one at a time with a corresponding digit from a keystream generator. The XOR operation is particularly well-suited for this purpose due to its

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCF Classical Cryptography Fundamentals, Stream ciphers, Stream ciphers, random numbers and the one-time pad, Examination review
Tagged under: Cybersecurity, Decryption, Encryption, Keystream, Stream Ciphers, XOR

With an attack on a single LFSR is it possible to encounter combination of encrypted and decrypted part of the transmission of length 2m from which it is not possible to build solvable linear equations system?

Friday, 20 October 2023 by Ihor Halanyuk

In the field of classical cryptography, stream ciphers play a significant role in securing data transmission. One commonly used component in stream ciphers is the linear feedback shift register (LFSR), which generates a pseudorandom sequence of bits. However, it is important to analyze the security of stream ciphers to ensure that they are resistant to

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/CCF Classical Cryptography Fundamentals, Stream ciphers, Stream ciphers and linear feedback shift registers
Tagged under: Cybersecurity, Keystream, Known-plaintext Attack, LFSR, Linear Equations System, Stream Cipher
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EITCA Academy is a part of the European IT Certification framework

The European IT Certification framework has been established in 2008 as a Europe based and vendor independent standard in widely accessible online certification of digital skills and competencies in many areas of professional digital specializations. The EITC framework is governed by the European IT Certification Institute (EITCI), a non-profit certification authority supporting information society growth and bridging the digital skills gap in the EU.

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