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EITCA Academy

EITCA Academy

The European Information Technologies Certification Institute - EITCI ASBL

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EITCI Institute ASBL

Brussels, European Union

Governing European IT Certification (EITC) framework in support of the IT professionalism and Digital Society

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Questions and answers designated by tag: Sanitization

What function do we use to sanitize the ID value before constructing the SQL query to delete the record?

Tuesday, 08 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

In the field of web development, specifically in PHP and MySQL, it is important to ensure the security and integrity of data when constructing SQL queries. One common vulnerability in web applications is SQL injection, where an attacker can manipulate input data to execute malicious SQL statements. To prevent this, it is essential to sanitize

  • Published in Web Development, EITC/WD/PMSF PHP and MySQL Fundamentals, Advancing with MySQL, Deleting a record, Examination review
Tagged under: MySQL, PHP, Sanitization, SQL Injection, Web Development, Web Security

Why is it important to properly sanitize and encode user input when using the explode function in PHP?

Tuesday, 08 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

Sanitizing and encoding user input is important when using the explode function in PHP for several reasons. The explode function is commonly used to split a string into an array based on a specified delimiter. However, if user input is not properly sanitized and encoded, it can lead to various security vulnerabilities and unexpected behavior

  • Published in Web Development, EITC/WD/PMSF PHP and MySQL Fundamentals, Further advancing in PHP, The explode function, Examination review
Tagged under: Encoding, MySQL, PHP, Sanitization, Security, Web Development

What are some operations that can be performed on form data in PHP after it has been obtained?

Tuesday, 08 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

After obtaining form data in PHP, there are several operations that can be performed to manipulate and process the data. These operations allow developers to validate, sanitize, and store the data securely, ensuring the integrity and reliability of the information collected from users. In this answer, we will explore some of the common operations that

  • Published in Web Development, EITC/WD/PMSF PHP and MySQL Fundamentals, Advancing in PHP, Project header and footer, Examination review
Tagged under: Database Operations, Email Notifications, File Uploads, Form Data, PHP, Sanitization, Validation, Web Development

How can an attacker manipulate the server's reflection of data using HTML injection?

Saturday, 05 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

An attacker can manipulate a server's reflection of data using HTML injection by exploiting vulnerabilities in web applications. HTML injection, also known as cross-site scripting (XSS), occurs when an attacker injects malicious HTML code into a web application, which is then reflected back to the user's browser. This can lead to various security risks, including

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/WAPT Web Applications Penetration Testing, Web attacks practice, bWAPP - HTML injection - reflected POST, Examination review
Tagged under: Cross-Site Scripting, Cybersecurity, Input Validation, Sanitization, Web Security, XSS

How can a web developer mitigate XSS vulnerabilities?

Saturday, 05 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

XSS (Cross-site scripting) vulnerabilities pose a significant threat to web applications, as they allow attackers to inject malicious scripts into trusted websites. As a web developer, it is important to understand how to mitigate these vulnerabilities to ensure the security and integrity of your web applications. In this response, we will discuss various techniques and

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/WAPT Web Applications Penetration Testing, Cross-site scripting, XSS - reflected, stored and DOM, Examination review
Tagged under: Content Security Policy, Cookie Security, Cybersecurity, Input Validation, Output Encoding, Regular Security Updates, Sanitization, Session Management, Whitelisting

How do trusted types reduce the attack surface of web applications and simplify security reviews?

Saturday, 05 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

Trusted types are a modern platform feature that can significantly enhance the security of web applications by reducing the attack surface and simplifying security reviews. In this answer, we will explore how trusted types achieve these objectives and discuss their impact on web application security. To understand how trusted types reduce the attack surface of

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/WASF Web Applications Security Fundamentals, Practical web applications security, Securing web applications with modern platform features, Examination review
Tagged under: Attack Surface, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), Cybersecurity, Input Validation, Sanitization, Trusted Types, Web Application Security

What is the process for creating a trusted types object using the trusted types API?

Saturday, 05 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

The process for creating a trusted types object using the trusted types API involves several steps that ensure the security and integrity of web applications. Trusted Types is a modern platform feature that helps prevent cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks by enforcing strict type checking and sanitization of user input. To create a trusted types object,

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/WASF Web Applications Security Fundamentals, Practical web applications security, Securing web applications with modern platform features, Examination review
Tagged under: Cybersecurity, Sanitization, Trusted Types, Trusted Types API, Type Checking, Web Application Security, XSS Attacks

What are some examples of suboptimal design decisions in API design that were mentioned in the didactic material?

Saturday, 05 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

In the field of cybersecurity, particularly in web application security, the design decisions made in developing an API can significantly impact the overall security of the system. Suboptimal design decisions in API design can introduce vulnerabilities and weaknesses that can be exploited by attackers. In the didactic material, several examples of suboptimal design decisions were

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/WASF Web Applications Security Fundamentals, Server security, Local HTTP server security, Examination review
Tagged under: API Design, Authentication, Authorization, Cybersecurity, Error Handling, Input Validation, Rate Limiting, Sanitization, Secure Communication, Throttling, Web Application Security

How does function arity relate to safe coding practices and potential security risks?

Saturday, 05 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

Function arity, in the context of safe coding practices and potential security risks, refers to the number of arguments or parameters that a function takes. It plays a important role in the design and implementation of secure web applications. By understanding the relationship between function arity and safe coding practices, developers can mitigate security vulnerabilities

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/WASF Web Applications Security Fundamentals, Server security, Server security: safe coding practices, Examination review
Tagged under: Code Maintainability, Code Readability, Code Reuse, Cross-Site Request Forgery, Cross-Site Scripting, Cybersecurity, Input Validation, Modular Code Design, Sanitization, Security Vulnerabilities, SQL Injection

How can using separate URLs and controllers for different functionalities in web applications help prevent security issues?

Saturday, 05 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

Using separate URLs and controllers for different functionalities in web applications can significantly enhance security by implementing the principle of least privilege and reducing the attack surface. By segregating the functionalities into distinct URLs and controllers, developers can enforce stricter access controls, limit the impact of potential vulnerabilities, and prevent unauthorized access to sensitive resources.

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/WASF Web Applications Security Fundamentals, Server security, Server security: safe coding practices, Examination review
Tagged under: Access Controls, Attack Surface Reduction, Cybersecurity, Input Validation, Least Privilege, Sanitization, Web Application Security
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EITCA Academy is a part of the European IT Certification framework

The European IT Certification framework has been established in 2008 as a Europe based and vendor independent standard in widely accessible online certification of digital skills and competencies in many areas of professional digital specializations. The EITC framework is governed by the European IT Certification Institute (EITCI), a non-profit certification authority supporting information society growth and bridging the digital skills gap in the EU.

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